France
France,}} officially the French Republic, }} is a country located primarily in Western Europe. It also includes overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, giving it one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north, Germany to the north east, Switzerland to the east, Italy and Monaco to the south east, Andorra and Spain to the south, and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the north west. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Its eighteen integral regions (five of which are overseas) span a combined area of and have a total population of 68.4 million . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre; other major urban areas include Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Lille, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Nantes, and Nice.Metropolitan France was settled during the Iron Age by Celtic tribes known as Gauls before Rome annexed the area in 51 BC, leading to a distinct Gallo-Roman culture. In the Early Middle Ages, the Germanic Franks formed the Kingdom of Francia, which became the heartland of the Carolingian Empire. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned the empire, with West Francia evolving into the Kingdom of France. In the High Middle Ages, France was a powerful but decentralized feudal kingdom, but from the mid-14th to the mid-15th centuries, France was plunged into a dynastic conflict with England known as the Hundred Years' War. In the 16th century, the French Renaissance saw culture flourish and a French colonial empire rise. Internally, France was dominated by the conflict with the House of Habsburg and the French Wars of Religion between Catholics and Huguenots. France was successful in the Thirty Years' War and further increased its influence during the reign of Louis XIV.
The French Revolution of 1789 overthrew the and produced the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under Napoleon Bonaparte, subjugating part of continental Europe and establishing the First French Empire. The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars significantly shaped the course of European history. The collapse of the empire initiated a period of relative decline, in which France endured the Bourbon Restoration until the founding of the French Second Republic which was succeeded by the Second French Empire upon Napoleon III's takeover. His empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. This led to the establishment of the Third French Republic, and subsequent decades saw a period of economic prosperity and cultural and scientific flourishing known as the Belle Époque. France was one of the major participants of World War I, from which it emerged victorious at great human and economic cost. It was among the Allied powers of World War II, but it surrendered and was occupied by the Axis in 1940. Following its liberation in 1944, the short-lived Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the defeat in the Algerian War. The current Fifth Republic was formed in 1958 by Charles de Gaulle. Algeria and most French colonies became independent in the 1960s, with the majority retaining close economic and military ties with France.
France retains its centuries-long status as a global centre of art, science, and philosophy. It hosts the third-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the world's leading tourist destination, receiving over 89 million foreign visitors in 2018. France is a developed country with a high nominal per capita income globally, and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world. It is a great power in global affairs, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and an official nuclear-weapon state. France is a founding and leading member of the European Union and the eurozone, as well as a key member of the Group of Seven, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and Francophonie. Provided by Wikipedia
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501Created 1763“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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502Created 1762“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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503Created 1762“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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504Created 1762“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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505by Cavagnis, Felice, 1841-1906“...France...”
Created 1906
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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506Created 1707“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Besançon (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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507Created 1764“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Albi (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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508by Gély, Jean-Pierre“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Toulouse (France)...”
Created 1774
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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509Created 1744“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Dijon (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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510by Bouthillier, Denis, -1622“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Rouen (France)...”
Created 1608
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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511Created 1945“...France. Haute Cour de justice...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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512Created 1888“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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513Created 1899“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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514Created 1899“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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515Created 1914“...International Eucharistic Congress Lourdes, France...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
Conference Proceeding Book -
516Created 1551“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Cambrai (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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517Created 1702“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Limoges (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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518Created 1728“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Rouen (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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519Created 1820“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Toul (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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520Created 1695“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Albi (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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521Created 1664“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Orléans (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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522Created 1738“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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523Created 1954“...Congrès international augustinien Paris, France...”
Location: Falvey Library, Villanova University
Conference Proceeding Book -
524Created 1755“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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525Created 1779“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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526by Daon, Roger François, 1679-1748“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Bayeux (France)...”
Created 1742
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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527by Daon, Roger François, 1679-1748“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Bayeux (France)...”
Created 1753
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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528Created 1912“...Collégiale Notre-Dame (Beaune, France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
Notice et cote du catalogue de la Bibliothèque nationale de France
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529Created 2021“...Saint-Victor (Abbey : Paris, France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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530by Berthod, Bernard“...Musée de Fourvière (Lyon, France)...”
Created 2004
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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531
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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532by Bougeant, G.-H. (Guillaume-Hyacinthe), 1690-1743“...Paris (France)...”
Created 1739
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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533by Pouget, François-Aimé, 1666-1723“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Montpellier (France)...”
Created 1702
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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534by Gregory I, Pope, approximately 540-604“...Benedictine Monastery of St. Maur (France)...”
Created 1705
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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535Created 1797“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Paris (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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536Created 1782“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Chartres (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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537Created 1785“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Sens (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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538Created 1680“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Besançon (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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539Created 1908“...Semaine sociale de France Marseille...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Conference Proceeding Book -
540Created 1777“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Vienne (France)...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
Internet Archive
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541Created 1775“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
Internet Archive
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542Created 1775“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
Internet Archive
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543Created 1773“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Bayeux (France)...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
Internet Archive
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544by Lafuite, F. J. (François Joseph)“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1833
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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545by Lafuite, F. J. (François Joseph)“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1833
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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546by Proyart, abbé, 1743?-1808“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1833
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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547by Lafuite, F. J. (François Joseph)“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1833
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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548by Aymard, J.“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1828
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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549Created 1759“...France. Siège présidial de Nantes...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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550Created 1768“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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