France
France,}} officially the French Republic, }} is a country located primarily in Western Europe. It also includes overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, giving it one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north, Germany to the north east, Switzerland to the east, Italy and Monaco to the south east, Andorra and Spain to the south, and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the north west. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Its eighteen integral regions (five of which are overseas) span a combined area of and have a total population of 68.4 million . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre; other major urban areas include Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Lille, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Nantes, and Nice.Metropolitan France was settled during the Iron Age by Celtic tribes known as Gauls before Rome annexed the area in 51 BC, leading to a distinct Gallo-Roman culture. In the Early Middle Ages, the Germanic Franks formed the Kingdom of Francia, which became the heartland of the Carolingian Empire. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned the empire, with West Francia evolving into the Kingdom of France. In the High Middle Ages, France was a powerful but decentralized feudal kingdom, but from the mid-14th to the mid-15th centuries, France was plunged into a dynastic conflict with England known as the Hundred Years' War. In the 16th century, the French Renaissance saw culture flourish and a French colonial empire rise. Internally, France was dominated by the conflict with the House of Habsburg and the French Wars of Religion between Catholics and Huguenots. France was successful in the Thirty Years' War and further increased its influence during the reign of Louis XIV.
The French Revolution of 1789 overthrew the and produced the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under Napoleon Bonaparte, subjugating part of continental Europe and establishing the First French Empire. The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars significantly shaped the course of European history. The collapse of the empire initiated a period of relative decline, in which France endured the Bourbon Restoration until the founding of the French Second Republic which was succeeded by the Second French Empire upon Napoleon III's takeover. His empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. This led to the establishment of the Third French Republic, and subsequent decades saw a period of economic prosperity and cultural and scientific flourishing known as the Belle Époque. France was one of the major participants of World War I, from which it emerged victorious at great human and economic cost. It was among the Allied powers of World War II, but it surrendered and was occupied by the Axis in 1940. Following its liberation in 1944, the short-lived Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the defeat in the Algerian War. The current Fifth Republic was formed in 1958 by Charles de Gaulle. Algeria and most French colonies became independent in the 1960s, with the majority retaining close economic and military ties with France.
France retains its centuries-long status as a global centre of art, science, and philosophy. It hosts the third-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the world's leading tourist destination, receiving over 89 million foreign visitors in 2018. France is a developed country with a high nominal per capita income globally, and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world. It is a great power in global affairs, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and an official nuclear-weapon state. France is a founding and leading member of the European Union and the eurozone, as well as a key member of the Group of Seven, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and Francophonie. Provided by Wikipedia
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601Created 1852“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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602by Aymard, J.“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1843
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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603by Brasseur de Bourbourg, abbé, 1814-1874“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1852
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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604by Aymard, J.“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1851
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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605by Aymard, J.“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1847
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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606by Drieude, E.-S“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1845
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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607Created 1845“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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608by Lebon, Hubert, 1806-“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1854
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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609by Desquibes, Pierre-Éloi“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1846
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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610by Gaulle, J.-M. de (Joséphine-Marie), 1806-1886“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1839
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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611Created 1846“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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612Created 1846“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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613Created 1849“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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614by Aymard, J.“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1843
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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615by Aymard, J.“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1843
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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616Created 1852“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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617by Krummacher, Frederic Adolphus, 1767-1845“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1849
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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618by Jouhanneaud, Paul, pseud. le chanoine d'Antony, Paul Desarènes, Paul de Masvergne, Abbé“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1854
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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619Created 1854“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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620Created 1854“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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621by Liguori, Alfonso Maria de', Saint, 1696-1787“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1854
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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622by Walsh, Joseph-Alexis, vicomte, 1782-1860“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Created 1854
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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623Created 1854“...Bourgueil (Parish : France). Bibliothèque paroissiale...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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624Created 1974“...Bibliothèque nationale (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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625Created 1843“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Périgueux (France)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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626Created 1970“...Saint Nicolas (Church : Combloux, France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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627Created 1932“...Sisters of Notre-Dame (Chambriac, France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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628Created 1920“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Belley (France)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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629Created 1895“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Bayeux (France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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630
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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631Created 1736“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Paris (France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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632Created 1898“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Toulouse (France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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633Created 1673“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Sens (France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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634Created 1917“...Bibliothèque nationale (France)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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635Created 1948“...Monastère des Clarisses (Rennes, France)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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636Created 1948“...Externat Saint-Joseph (Lyon, France)...”
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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637by Le Brun, Laurent“...École Sainte Genevieve, Paris (France)...”
Created 1650
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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638Created 1765“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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639Created 1765“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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640Created 1765“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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641Created 1762“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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642Created 1763“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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643Created 1763“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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644Created 1762“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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645Created 1763“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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646Created 1762“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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647Created 1763“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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648Created 1762“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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649Created 1762“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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650Created 1764“...France. Parlement (Aix-en-Provence)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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