France
France,}} officially the French Republic, }} is a country located primarily in Western Europe. It also includes overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, giving it one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north, Germany to the north east, Switzerland to the east, Italy and Monaco to the south east, Andorra and Spain to the south, and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the north west. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Its eighteen integral regions (five of which are overseas) span a combined area of and have a total population of 68.4 million . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre; other major urban areas include Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Lille, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Nantes, and Nice.Metropolitan France was settled during the Iron Age by Celtic tribes known as Gauls before Rome annexed the area in 51 BC, leading to a distinct Gallo-Roman culture. In the Early Middle Ages, the Germanic Franks formed the Kingdom of Francia, which became the heartland of the Carolingian Empire. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned the empire, with West Francia evolving into the Kingdom of France. In the High Middle Ages, France was a powerful but decentralized feudal kingdom, but from the mid-14th to the mid-15th centuries, France was plunged into a dynastic conflict with England known as the Hundred Years' War. In the 16th century, the French Renaissance saw culture flourish and a French colonial empire rise. Internally, France was dominated by the conflict with the House of Habsburg and the French Wars of Religion between Catholics and Huguenots. France was successful in the Thirty Years' War and further increased its influence during the reign of Louis XIV.
The French Revolution of 1789 overthrew the and produced the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under Napoleon Bonaparte, subjugating part of continental Europe and establishing the First French Empire. The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars significantly shaped the course of European history. The collapse of the empire initiated a period of relative decline, in which France endured the Bourbon Restoration until the founding of the French Second Republic which was succeeded by the Second French Empire upon Napoleon III's takeover. His empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. This led to the establishment of the Third French Republic, and subsequent decades saw a period of economic prosperity and cultural and scientific flourishing known as the Belle Époque. France was one of the major participants of World War I, from which it emerged victorious at great human and economic cost. It was among the Allied powers of World War II, but it surrendered and was occupied by the Axis in 1940. Following its liberation in 1944, the short-lived Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the defeat in the Algerian War. The current Fifth Republic was formed in 1958 by Charles de Gaulle. Algeria and most French colonies became independent in the 1960s, with the majority retaining close economic and military ties with France.
France retains its centuries-long status as a global centre of art, science, and philosophy. It hosts the third-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the world's leading tourist destination, receiving over 89 million foreign visitors in 2018. France is a developed country with a high nominal per capita income globally, and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world. It is a great power in global affairs, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and an official nuclear-weapon state. France is a founding and leading member of the European Union and the eurozone, as well as a key member of the Group of Seven, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and Francophonie. Provided by Wikipedia
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851Created 1755“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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852Created 1755“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
Conference Proceeding Book -
853Created 1755“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
Conference Proceeding Book -
854Created 1755“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
Conference Proceeding Book -
855Created 1755“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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856Created 1755“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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857Created 1755“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angers (France)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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858Created 1912“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Dijon (France). Bishop (1911-1915 : Monestès)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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859Created 1912“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Dijon (France). Bishop (1911-1915 : Monestès)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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860by Toul, Claude Drouas de Boussey, comte de, -1773“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Toul (France). Bishop (1754-1773 : Boussey)...”
Created 1772
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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861
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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862Created 1892“...Périgueux, France (Diocese). Bishop, 1863-1901 (Nicholas Joseph Dabert)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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863Created 1898“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Montpellier (France). Bishop (1874-1921 : Cabrières)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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864Created 1899“...Périgueux, France (Diocese). Bishop, 1863-1901 (Nicholas Joseph Dabert)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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865Created 1892“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1882-1899 : Billère)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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866Created 1848“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Lyon (France). Archbishop (1840-1848 : Bonald)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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867Created 1992“...Poor Clares (Nantes, France)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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868Created 1991“...Bibliothèque Nationale (France)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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869Created 1869“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Orléans (France). Bishop (1849-1878 : Dupanloup)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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870Created 1727“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Paris (France). Archbishop (1695- 1729 : Noailles)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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871Created 1727“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Beauvais (France). Bishop (1713-1728 : Beauvillier)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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872Created 1868“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Orléans (France). Bishop (1849-1878 : Dupanloup)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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873Created 1965“...Monastere des Benedictines Camaldules (La Seyne-sur-Mer, France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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874Created 1854“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Grenoble (France). Bishop (1853-1870 : Ginoulhiac)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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875Created 1854“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Grenoble (France). Bishop (1853-1870 : Ginoulhiac)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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876by Fénelon, François de Salignac de La Mothe-, 1651-1715“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Cambrai (France). Archbishop (1695-1715 : Fénelon)...”
Created 1824
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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877Created 1898“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Orléans (France). Bishop (1894-1926 : Touchet)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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878“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Reims (France). Archbishop (1874-1905 : Langénieux)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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879
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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880Created 1901“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Amiens (France). Bishop (1896-1915 : Dizien)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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881Created 1886“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1882-1899 : Billère)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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882Created 1982“...Bibliothèque nationale de France...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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883Created 1764“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Paris (France). Archbishop (1746-1781 : Beaumont)...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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884Created 1761“...France. Parlement (Paris)...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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885Created 1718“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Soissons (France). Bishop (1715-1730 : Languet)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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886Created 1765“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Paris (France). Archbishop (1746-1781 : Beaumont)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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887Created 1763“...Soissons (France :Diocese). Bishop (1739-1764 : François Fitz-James)...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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888The Ordinal of the Abbey of the Holy Trinity Fécamp : Fécamp, Musée de la Bénédictine, Ms 186 /Created 1999“...Musée de la Bénédictine (Fécamp, France)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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889Created 1997“...Bibliothèque nationale de France...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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890Created 1859“...Notre-Dame des Eaux (Church : Aix-les-Bains, France)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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891Created 1836“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Paris (France). Archbishop (1821-1839 : Quélen)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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892Created 1904“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Mende (France). Bishop (1901-1906 : Bouquet)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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893Created 1879“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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894Created 1855“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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895Created 1851“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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896Created 1854“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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897Created 1863“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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898Created 1863“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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899Created 1873“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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900Created 1900“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Reims (France). Archbishop (1874-1905 : Langénieux)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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