Franciscans
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders of the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi, these orders include three independent orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest contemporary male order), orders for nuns such as the Order of Saint Clare, and the Third Order of Saint Francis open to male and female members. They adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as Clare of Assisi, Anthony of Padua, and Elizabeth of Hungary. Several smaller Protestant Franciscan orders or other groups have been established since late 1800's as well, particularly in the Anglican and Lutheran traditions.Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to Rome to seek approval from Pope Innocent III in 1209 to form a new religious order. The original Rule of Saint Francis approved by the Pope did not allow ownership of property, requiring members of the order to beg for food while preaching. The austerity was meant to emulate the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. Franciscans traveled and preached in the streets, while staying in church properties. Clare of Assisi, under Francis's guidance, founded the Poor Clares (Order of Saint Clare) of the Franciscans.
The extreme poverty required of members was relaxed in the final revision of the Rule in 1223. The degree of observance required of members remained a major source of conflict within the order, resulting in numerous secessions.}}}} The Order of Friars Minor, previously known as the "Observant" branch, is one of the three Franciscan First Orders within the Catholic Church, the others being the "Conventuals" (formed 1517) and "Capuchins" (1520). The Order of Friars Minor, in its current form, is the result of an amalgamation of several smaller orders completed in 1897 by Pope Leo XIII.}} The latter two, the Capuchin and Conventual, remain distinct religious institutes within the Catholic Church, observing the Rule of Saint Francis with different emphases. Conventual Franciscans are sometimes referred to as minorites or greyfriars because of their habit. In Poland and Lithuania they are known as Bernardines, after Bernardino of Siena, although the term elsewhere refers to Cistercians instead.
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73Created 1975“...Franciscans. Commission on Franciscan Documents...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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74Created 1971“...Franciscans...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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76Created 1968“...Franciscans...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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77Created 1974“...Franciscans. Commission on Franciscan Documents...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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78Created 1909“...Franciscans. Congregatione Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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79Created 1973“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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80Created 1890“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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81Created 1915“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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82Created 1928“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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83Created 1903“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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84Created 1939“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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85Created 1933“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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86Created 1951“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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87Created 1964“...Franciscans. Congregatione Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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88Created 1895“...Franciscans. Congregatione Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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89Created 1970“...Franciscans. Consilium Plenarium...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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90Created 1968“...Franciscans. Consilium Plenarium...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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91Created 1974“...Franciscans. Consilium Plenarium...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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92Created 1978“...Franciscans. Consilium Plenarium...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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93Created 1981“...Franciscans. Ministers General...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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94Created 1957“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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95Created 1968“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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96Created 1922“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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97Created 1978“...Franciscans. Ministers General...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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98Created 1633“...Franciscans. Capitulum Generale...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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99Created 1827“...Franciscans. Cismontane Family...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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100Created 1704“...Franciscans. Cismontane Family...”
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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