Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (; ; ; born Karol Józef Wojtyła; ;.}} 18 May 19202 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.In his youth, Wojtyła dabbled in stage acting. He graduated with excellent grades from an all-boys high school in Wadowice, Poland, in 1938, soon after which World War II broke out. During the war, to avoid being kidnapped and sent off to a German forced labour camp, he signed up for work in harsh conditions in a quarry. Wojtyła eventually took up acting and developed a love for the profession and participated at a local theatre. The linguistically skilled Wojtyła wanted to study Polish at university. Encouraged by a conversation with Adam Stefan Sapieha, he decided to study theology and become a priest. Eventually, Wojtyła rose to the position of Archbishop of Kraków and then a cardinal, both positions held by his mentor. Wojtyła was elected pope on the third day of the second papal conclave of 1978, and became one of the youngest popes in history. The conclave was called after the death of John Paul I, who served only 33 days as pope. John Paul I had been elected in an August papal conclave to succeed Pope Paul VI. Wojtyła adopted the name of his predecessor in tribute to him.
John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in the 16th century, as well as the third-longest-serving pope in history after Pius IX and St. Peter. John Paul II attempted to improve the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the spirit of ecumenism, holding atheism as the greatest threat. He maintained the Church's previous positions on such matters as abortion, artificial contraception, the ordination of women, and a celibate clergy, and although he supported the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, he was seen as generally conservative in their interpretation. He put emphasis on family and identity, while questioning consumerism, hedonism and the pursuit of wealth. He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, John Paul II beatified 1,344 people, and canonised 483 saints, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated many of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests.
He has been credited with fighting against dictatorships for democracy and with helping to end communist rule in his native Poland and the rest of Europe. Under John Paul II, the Catholic Church greatly expanded its influence in Africa and Latin America and retained its influence in Europe and the rest of the world. On 19 December 2009 John Paul II was proclaimed venerable by his successor, Benedict XVI, and on 1 May 2011 (Divine Mercy Sunday) he was beatified. On 27 April 2014 he was canonised together with John XXIII. He has been criticised for allegedly, as archbishop, having been insufficiently harsh in reacting against the sexual abuse of children by priests in Poland, though the allegations themselves have been criticised. Posthumously he has been referred to by some Catholics as Pope St. John Paul the Great, though that title has no official recognition.
Under John Paul II, the two most important constitutions of the contemporary Catholic Church were drafted and put in force: the 1983 Code of Canon Law, which, among many things, began an effort to curb sexual abuse in the Catholic Church; and the ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'', which among other things clarified the Church's position on homosexuality. Provided by Wikipedia
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51by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1983
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52by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1987
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53by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1983
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54by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1980
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55by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1979
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56by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1979
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57by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1987
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58by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: Monsignor William Barry Memorial Library, Barry University
Created 1987
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59by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1980
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60by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1981
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61by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1979
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62by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1984
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63by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1980
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64by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1981
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65by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1979
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66by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1979
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67by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1980
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68by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1982
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69by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1980
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70by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1981
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71by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1979
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72by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1979
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73by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1982
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74by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1984
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75by John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1979
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77Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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85Created 1980Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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86Created 1980Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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87Created 1980Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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88Created 1980Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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89Created 1985Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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90by Pilarczyk, Daniel W.Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Created 1991
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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91Created 1982Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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92Created 2000Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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93Created 1988Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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94Created 1987Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
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95Created 1980Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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96Created 1988Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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97Created 1980Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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98Created 1994Other Authors: “...John Paul, II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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99Created 1995Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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100Created 1995Other Authors: “...John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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