Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII (born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, ; 2 March 18769 October 1958) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his election to the papacy, he served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany, and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with various European and Latin American nations, including the ''Reichskonkordat'' treaty with the German Reich.While the Vatican was officially neutral during World War II, the ''Reichskonkordat'' and his leadership of the Catholic Church during the war remain the subject of controversy—including allegations of public silence and inaction about the fate of the Jews. Pius employed diplomacy to aid the victims of the Nazis during the war and, through directing the church to provide discreet aid to Jews and others, saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Pius maintained links to the German resistance, and shared intelligence with the Allies. His strongest public condemnation of genocide was considered inadequate by the Allied Powers, while the Nazis viewed him as an Allied sympathizer who had dishonoured his policy of Vatican neutrality.
During his papacy, the Catholic Church issued the Decree against Communism, declaring that Catholics who profess communist doctrine are to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith. The church experienced severe persecution and mass deportations of Catholic clergy in the Eastern Bloc. He explicitly invoked ''ex cathedra'' papal infallibility with the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in his Apostolic constitution . His forty-one encyclicals include ''Mystici Corporis Christi'', on the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ; ''Mediator Dei'' on liturgy reform; and ''Humani generis'', in which he instructed theologians to adhere to episcopal teaching and allowed that the human body might have evolved from earlier forms. He eliminated the Italian majority in the College of Cardinals in 1946.
After he died in 1958, Pope Pius XII was succeeded by John XXIII. In the process toward sainthood, his cause for canonization was opened on 18 November 1965 by Paul VI during the final session of the Second Vatican Council. He was made a Servant of God by John Paul II in 1990 and Benedict XVI declared Pius XII Venerable on 19 December 2009. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1954
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2by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1961
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3by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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4by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1943
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5by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1944
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6by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1951
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7by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1951
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8by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1951
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9by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1952
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10by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1952
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11by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1950
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12by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1942
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13by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1945
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14by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1946
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15by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1948
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16by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1949
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17by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1950
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18by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1951
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19by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1952
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20by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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21by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1945
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22by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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24by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1936
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25by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1951
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26by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Created 1955
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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27by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1956
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28by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1956
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29by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1954
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30by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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31by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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32by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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33by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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34by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1939
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35by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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36by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1946
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37by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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38by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1945
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39by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1942
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40by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1940
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41by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1946
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42by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1947
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43by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1956
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44by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1940
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45by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1940
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46by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1945
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47by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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48by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1954
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50by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1956
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