Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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6101by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1966
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6102by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1964
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6103by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1964
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6104by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1965
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6105by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1966
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6106by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1965
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6107by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1964
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6108by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1965
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6109by John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Created 1962
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6110by John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Created 1961
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6111by John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Created 1962
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6112by John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Created 1963
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6113by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1966
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6114by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1969
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6115by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1964
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6116by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1965
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6117by John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Created 1962
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6118Created 1931“...Catholic Church. Pope (1922-1939 : Pius XI)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6119Created 1942“...Catholic Church. Pope (1922-1939 : Pius XI)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6120by Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1966
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6121Created 1964“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6122Created 1996“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Secretariat for Family, Laity, Women...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6123Created 1968“...Catholic Church. Secretariatus ad Christianorum Unitatem Fovendam...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6124Created 1969“...Catholic Church. Consilium ad Exsequendam Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6125Created 1974“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee for Ecumenical...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6126Created 1930“...Catholic Church. Pope (1922-1939 : Pius XI)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6127Created 1982“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Priestly Life...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6128Created 1982“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Priestly Life...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6129Created 1975“...Catholic Church. Secretariatus ad Christianorum Unitatem Fovendam...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6130Created 1964“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6131Created 1967“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6132Created 1967“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6133Created 1951“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6134Created 1961“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6135Created 1965“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6136Created 2002“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6137Created 2004“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6138Created 2003“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6139Created 2003“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6140by Clement XIV, Pope, 1705-1774“...Catholic Church. Pope (1769-1774 : Clement XIV)...”
Created 1777
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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6141Created 2006“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Chicago (Ill.)...”
Location: U.S. Catholic Special Collection, University of Dayton
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6142Created 1987“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on the Missions...”
Location: U.S. Catholic Special Collection, University of Dayton
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6143Created 2001“...Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church (McKees Rocks, Pa.). Youth group...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6144Created 1901“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes et Lourdes (France). Bishop (1899-1927 : Schoepfer)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6145Created 1900“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes et Lourdes (France). Bishop (1899-1927 : Schoepfer)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6146Created 1901“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes et Lourdes (France). Bishop (1899-1927 : Schoepfer)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6147Created 1855“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Guadalajara (Mexico). Bishop (1853-1862 : Espinosa y Dávalos)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6148Created 1997“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6149Created 1897“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Vincennes (Ind.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6150Created 1929“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Indianapolis (Ind.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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