Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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6401Created 1996“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Permanent...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6402Created 1995“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Science and Human Values...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6403Created 1995“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Hispanic Affairs...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6404Created 1997“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Marriage and Family...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6405Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Secretariat for Ecumenical...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6406Created 1996“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Science and Human Values...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6407Created 1980“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Conciliation...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6408Created 1960“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Commission for Ecumenical...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6409by Powell, John Joseph, 1925-“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee for Pro-Life Activities...”
Created 1977
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6410Created 1981“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee for Pro-Life Activities...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6411Created 1969“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6412Created 1974“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Priestly Life and Ministry...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6413Created 1971“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Permanent...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6414Created 1987“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Laity...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6415Created 1973“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Pastoral Research...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6416Created 1966“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6417Created 1978“...Catholic Church. Pontificia Commissio de Spirituali Migratorum atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6418Created 1991“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Women in Society...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6419Created 1999“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee for Hispanic Affairs...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6420Created 2001“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Secretariat for Ecumenical...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6421Created 2001“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on African American Catholics...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6422Created 2004“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6423Created 1984“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Ad Hoc Committee on Catholic Social...”
Location: U.S. Catholic Special Collection, University of Dayton
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6424Tongjŏng maria ŭi mukchu kido /동정 마리아의 묵주기도 /Created 2002“...Catholic Church. Pope (1978-2005 : John Paul II)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6425Created 1930“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Toledo (Ohio)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6426Created 1952“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Fargo (N.D.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6427Created 1968“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Winona (Minn.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6428Created 1921“...Catholic Church. Pope (1914-1922 : Benedict XV)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6429by García Ibarra, José de Jesús“...Catholic Church. Diocese de San Juan de los Lagos (Jalisco, Mexico). Comisión de Liturgia...”
Created 1995
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6430Created 1983“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6431Created 1974“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6432Created 1965“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6433Created 1965“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Conference Proceeding Book -
6434Created 1965“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Conference Proceeding Book -
6435Created 1965“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Conference Proceeding Book -
6436Wan quan guan she shou ce xu pian /完全關社手册續篇 /Created 2003“...Catholic Church. Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong. Justice and Peace Commission. Yi shi pei yu zu...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6437Zhi ji fu ji ji : guan she lu shang wen zhang xuan ji.織跡復跡跡 : 關社路上文章選輯.Created 2005“...Catholic Church. Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong. Tang qu guan she zhi yuan xiao zu...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6438Created 1520“...Catholic Church. Pope (1513-1521 : Leo X)...”
Location: William H. Hannon Library, Loyola Marymount University
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6439Created 1698“...Catholic Church. Pope (1740-1758 : Benedict XIV)...”
Location: Copley Library, University of San Diego
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6440Created 1972“...Catholic Church. Pontificia Commissio Codici Iuris Canonici Recognoscendo...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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6441Created 1995“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee for Hispanic Affairs...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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6442Created 1996“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Science and Human Values...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6443Created 1981“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Miami (Miami, Florida)...”
Location: Monsignor William Barry Memorial Library, Barry University
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6444
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6445Created 2003“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6446Created 1990“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6447Created 1966“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6448Created 1979“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Religiosis et Institutis Saecularibus...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6449Created 1964“...Catholic Church. Pope (1878-1903 : Leo XIII)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6450by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Created 1958
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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