Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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701by Catholic Church. United States Catholic Conference.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1974
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702by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1990
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703by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1980
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704by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1968
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705by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1971
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706by Catholic Church; National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1978
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707by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1972
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708by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1971
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709Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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710by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1979
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711by Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina FideiLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1979
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712by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1976
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713by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1973
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714by Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1973
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715by Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Institutione CatholicaLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1976
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716by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1973
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717by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1976
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718by Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1977
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719by Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina FideiLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1977
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720by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1973
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721by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1976
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722by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1977
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723by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1977
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724by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1977
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725by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1977
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726by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1968
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727by Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1976
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728by Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Causis Sanctorum.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1935
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729by Catholic Church. Holy Year National CommitteeLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1925
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730by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic BishopsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1967
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731by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1988
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732by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1978
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733by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1998
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734by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1990
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735by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1996
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736by Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1996
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737by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Los Angeles (Calif.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1895 - 1958
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738by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of New Orleans (La.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1883 - 1919
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739by Catholic Church.; Archdiocese of Saint Louis (Mo.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1947 - 1951
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740by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Rochester (N.Y.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1889 - 1912
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741by Catholic Church. Diocese of Providence (R.I.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1886 - 1937
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742by Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1973
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743by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of New York (N.Y.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1874
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744by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of New York (N.Y.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1890
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745by Catholic Church. Diocese of Buffalo (N.Y.). SynodLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1901
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746by St. John's German Catholic Church (Vincennes, Ind.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1902
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747by Catholic Church. Diocese of Leavenworth (Kan.). Diocesan SchoolsLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1907
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748by St. Procopius Roman Catholic Church (Chicago, Ill.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1908
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749by St. Procopius Roman Catholic Church (Chicago, Ill.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1909
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750by St. Procopius Roman Catholic Church (Chicago, Ill.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1910
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