Martin Luther
Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483– 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar. Luther was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. He is regarded as one of the most influential figures in Western and Christian history.Luther was ordained to the priesthood in 1507. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; in particular, he disputed the view on indulgences. Luther attempted to resolve these differences amicably, first proposing an academic discussion of the practice and efficacy of indulgences in ''Ninety-five Theses'', which he authored in 1517. In 1520, Pope Leo X demanded that Luther renounce all of his writings, and when Luther refused to do so, excommunicated him in January 1521. Later that year, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V condemned Luther as an outlaw at the Diet of Worms. When Luther died in 1546, Pope Leo X's excommunication was still in effect.
Luther taught that salvation and, consequently, eternal life are not earned by good deeds; rather, they are received only as the free gift of God's grace through the believer's faith in Jesus Christ, who is the sole redeemer from sin. Luther's theology challenged the authority and office of the pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge, and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood. Those who identify Luther's wider teachings are called Lutherans, though Luther opposed the name, believing that those who professed faith in Christ should be called "Christian" or "Evangelic".
Luther's translation of the Bible into German from Latin made the Bible vastly more accessible to the laity, which had a tremendous impact on both the church and German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the writing of an English translation, the Tyndale Bible. His hymns influenced the development of singing in Protestant churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora, a former nun, set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant clergy to marry.
In two later works, Luther expressed anti-Judaistic views, calling for the expulsion of Jews and the burning of synagogues. These works also targeted Roman Catholics, Anabaptists, and nontrinitarian Christians. Based upon his teachings, despite the fact that Luther did not advocate the murdering of Jews, some historians contend that his rhetoric contributed to the development of antisemitism in Germany and the emergence, centuries later, of the Nazi Party. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1593
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2by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1760
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3by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1552
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4by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1801
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5by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1522
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6by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1556
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17by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Created 1573
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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18by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Created 1568
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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19by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1521
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21by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1967
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26by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
Created 1530
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27by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: Monsignor William Barry Memorial Library, Barry University
Created 1841
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33by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1964
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34by O'Connor, HenryOther Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Created 1885
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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35Created 1778Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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36Created 1835Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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37Created 1717Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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38Created 1826Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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39by O'Connor, HenryOther Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Created 1885
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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40Created 1901Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Benedictine University Library, Benedictine University
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41Created 1816Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Benedictine University Library, Benedictine University
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42by Nanni, Giovanni, 1432?-1502Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Created 1536
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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43Created 1927Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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44Created 1753Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Benedictine University Library, Benedictine University
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45by Melanchthon, Philip, 1497-1560Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Created 1546
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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46Created 1537Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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47Created 1720Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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48Created 1793Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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49Created 1738Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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50by Eck, Johann, 1486-1543Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
Created 1519
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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